ABSTRACT
O trauma é responsável por significativos impactos na sociedade. De acordo com dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), mais de nove pessoas morrem por minuto, vítimas de trauma. Entre os principais tipos de trauma, o torácico representa na atualidade cerca de 25% dos mortos em politraumatizados, constituindo um problema complexo, tendo em vista os elevados índices de mortalidade e sequelas incapacitantes permanentes. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos em um hospital de urgências da região centro-oeste, vítimas de trauma torácico. Método: Estudo quantitativo, de caráter transversal e retrospectivo, realizado a partir de coleta de dados efetuada em prontuário eletrônico no período de março a maio de 2022. Resultados: Identificou-se 73 pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico, com maior acometimento de pessoas do sexo masculino, com idade entre 26 e 35 anos. Como causa mais frequente, se destacaram os acidentes motociclísticos, resultando principalmente em lesões do tipo hemopneumotórax. Conclusão: o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico foi representado com maior frequência pelo sexo masculino, com idade entre 26 a 35 anos, causados predominantemente por acidentes motociclísticos, resultando na maioria das vezes em lesões do tipo hemopneumotórax
Trauma is responsible for significant impacts on society. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), more than nine people die per minute victims of trauma. Among the main types of trauma, thoracic trauma currently represents about 25% of polytrauma deaths, constituting a complex problem, in view of the high rates of mortality and sequelae permanent disabling. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of patients treated at an emergency hospital in the Midwest region, victims of thoracic trauma. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study carried out from data collection of electronic medical records in the period from March to May of 2022. Results: We identified 73 patients who were victims of chest trauma with higher affecting males aged between 26 and 35 years. As the most frequent cause motorcycle accidents stood out, resulting mainly in lesions of the hemopneumothorax type. Conclusion: the profile epidemiology of patients victims of thoracic trauma was represented with greater frequency by males, aged between 26 and 35 years, caused predominantly by motorcycle accidents, often resulting in hemopneumothorax lesions
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Tomography , Emergency Service, HospitalABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: El traumatismo torácico (TT) es la causa de aproximadamente un cuarto de las muertes por traumatismos. Los pacientes tratados con cirugía por traumatismo torácico (CTT) presentan un amplio espectro de características y pronósticos. Objetivos: Describir características clínicas, indicaciones, temporalidad, morbilidad, mortalidad y las variables asociadas a mortalidad en pacientes con CTT. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional de pacientes tratados con CTT, período enero-1981 a diciembre-2019. Revisión de protocolos prospectivos de TT y base de datos. Se realizó regresión logística para variables asociadas a mortalidad. Se utilizó SPSS25® con prueba chi-cuadrado para comparar clasificación, tipo de TT y su distribución temporal, considerando significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: En total 808 casos (18,2%) de 4.448 TT requirieron CTT. Fueron hombres 767 (94,9%) y la edad promedio fue 31,5 ± 13,8 años. El traumatismo fue penetrante y por arma blanca en la mayoría de los casos. Fueron politraumatizados 164 (20,3%). La cirugía fue urgente en 474 (58,7%), precoz en 41 (5,0%) y diferida en 293 (36,3%) casos. La mortalidad global fue de 6,7% y fue significativamente mayor en TT contusos, politraumatizados y en cirugía urgente. La mortalidad fue 9,7% en CTT urgente, 4,9% en precoz y 2,0% en diferida (p < 0,001). Se observaron variables independientes asociadas a mortalidad. Conclusión: En nuestra serie, las CTT se realizaron principalmente en hombres jóvenes con TT penetrantes. Correspondieron a un grupo heterogéneo en cuanto a las indicaciones, hallazgos y lesiones intratorácicas y/o asociadas. Múltiples variables demostraron influir significativamente en la mortalidad de los pacientes tratados con CTT.
Background: Thoracic Trauma (TT) is the cause of approximately a quarter of trauma deaths. The patients who undergo Thoracic Trauma Surgery (TTS) present a wide spectrum of characteristics and prognosis. Aim: To describe clinical characteristics, indications, temporality, morbidity, mortality and mortality associated variables in TTS patients. Materials and Method: Observational study of TT hospitalized patients, period January-1981 to December-2019. A review of operation notes and database was done. A logistic regression for mortality associated variables was made. To compare classification, type of TT and its temporal distribution, SPSS25® with chi-square test was used, considering significant p < 0.05. Results: A total of 808 (18.2%) of 4.448 TT patients required TTS, 767 (94.9%) were men with average age: 31.5 ± 13.8. The trauma was penetrating trauma due to a stab in most cases, 164 (20.3%) were polytraumatized. The surgery was urgent in 474 (58.7%), early in 41 (5.0%) and delayed in 293 (36.3%) cases. The global mortality was 6.7% and was significantly higher in the blunt TT, polytrauma, urgent and early surgery patients. Mortality in urgent TTS was 9.7%, early 4.9% and 2.0% in delayed (p < 0.001). Independent variables associated with mortality were observed. Conclusions: In our series, TTS were performed mainly in young men with penetrating TT. The group was heterogeneous regarding surgical indications, findings and intrathoracic or associated injuries. Multiple variables showed to influence significantly on mortality in patients who underwent TTS.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Thoracic Injuries/diagnosis , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Mortality , Thoracic Wall/anatomy & histology , Thoracic Wall/physiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#Rib fractures are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality and are associated with abdominal solid organ injury (ASOI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of ASOI with the number, location, and involved segments of rib fracture(s) in blunt chest trauma.@*METHODS@#This retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with blunt chest trauma over the age of 15 years, who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of rib fractures from July 2015 to September 2020. After ethic committee approval, a retrospective chart review was designed and patients with a diagnosis of rib fractures were selected. Patients who had chest and abdominopelvic CT scan were included in the study and additional data including age, gender, injury severity score, trauma mechanism, number and sides of the fractured ribs (left/right/bilateral), rib fracture segments (upper, middle, lower zone) and results of chest and abdominal spiral CT scan were recorded. The correlation between ASOI and the sides, segments and number of rib fracture(s) was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient.@*RESULTS@#Altogether 1056 patients with rib fracture(s) were included. The mean age was (42.76 ± 13.35) years and 85.4% were male. The most common mechanism of trauma was car accident (34.6%). Most fractures occurred in the middle rib zone (60.44%) and the most commonly involved ribs were the 6th and 7th ones (15.7% and 16.4%, respectively). Concurrent abdominal injuries were observed in 103 patients (34.91%) and were significantly associated with middle zone rib fractures.@*CONCLUSION@#There is a significant relationship between middle zone rib fractures and ASOI. Intra-abdominal injuries are not restricted to fractures of the lower ribs and thus should always be kept in mind during management of blunt trauma patients with rib fractures.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Abdominal Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Rib Fractures/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Los traumatismos están entre las diez principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial y son la primera en jóvenes. El traumatismo torácico (TT) está presente en un alto porcentaje de las muertes por traumatismos y es la segunda causa de muerte después del traumatismo encefalocraneano. Objetivos: Analizar las variables asociadas a mortalidad, las causas principales y la distribución temporal de la mortalidad en hospitalizados fallecidos con TT. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional de hospitalizados con TT, período enero de 1981 a diciembre de 2018. Revisión de protocolos prospectivos de TT y base de datos. Se consignaron las causas de muerte sindromáticas principales y se realizó una regresión logística para variables asociadas a mortalidad. Se utilizó SPSS25® con pruebas chi-cuadrado para comparar clasificación, tipo de TT y su distribución temporal, considerando significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Total 4.297 TT, mortalidad global de 120 (2,8%) casos. Las principales variables independientes asociadas a mortalidad fueron el deterioro fisiológico al ingreso, el hemotórax masivo y el TT por arma de fuego. La principal causa de muerte fue el shock hipovolémico, con diferencias significativas según tipo de TT en las primeras 4 y 24 horas. En la distribución temporal se observó que las muertes con TT penetrante y aislado fueron más precoces y no se evidenció un nuevo peak en la mortalidad luego de la primera semana. Conclusiones: Se observaron variables independientes asociadas a mortalidad en hospitalizados con TT, siendo el deterioro fisiológico al ingreso el factor más importante. Además, existen diferencias significativas en las causas de muerte y distribución temporal de la mortalidad entre diferentes subgrupos de hospitalizados con TT.
Background: Trauma is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide and the first among the youth. Thoracic trauma (TT) is present in a high percentage of deaths due to trauma and is the second leading cause of death after traumatic brain injury. Aim: To analyze the mortality associated variables, major causes and temporal distribution of mortality among dead hospitalized patients with TT. Materials and Method: Observational study in hospitalized patients with TT, period January 1981 to December 2018. Review of prospective TT protocols and data base. Major syndromic causes of death were recorded and a logistic regression for variables associated with mortality was made. SPSS25® with chi-quadrat tests was used to compare classification, type of TT and temporal distribution. A p value < 0,05 was considered significant. Results: Total 4.297 TT and global mortality was 120 (2,8%) cases. The main independent variables associated with mortality were the physiological decline upon admission, massive hemothorax and TT by firearms. The leading cause of death was hypovolemic shock, with significant differences according to the type of TT in the first 4 and 24 hours. In the temporal distribution was observed that, the deaths with penetrating and isolated TT were earlier and that there was no second peak of mortality following the first week. Conclusions: Independent variables associated with mortality were observed among hospitalized patients with TT, being physiological deterioration the most important factor. Besides, there are significant differences in the death causes and temporal distribution of mortality among the different subgroups of hospitalized patients with TT.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thoracic Injuries/mortality , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality , Wounds, Penetrating/mortality , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Cause of DeathABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: El traumatismo es la primera causa de muerte en adolescentes y la quinta en el adulto mayor. El traumatismo torácico (TT) posee características particulares en diferentes grupos de edad. Objetivos: Analizar características clínicas, índice de gravedad de traumatismo (IGT) y mortalidad en hospitalizados por TT según grupo etario. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo de hospitalizaciones por TT, período enero de 1981 a diciembre de 2018. Revisión de protocolos prospectivos de TT y base de datos. Se definió grupo etario según Organización Mundial de la Salud (Adolescente: 10-19 años; Adulto Joven: 20-44 años; Adulto Maduro 45-59 años; Adulto Mayor: ≥ 60 años). Se comparó clasificación, mecanismo, agente, tratamiento, IGT, Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) y mortalidad del TT según grupo etario. Se utilizó SPSS25® con pruebas chi-cuadrado y ANOVA, considerando significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Total 4.297 TT. Grupo etario Adolescente: 608 (14,1%); Adulto Joven: 2.544 (59,2%); Adulto Maduro: 601 (14,0%); Adulto Mayor: 544 (12,7%). Se observó disminución progresiva y significativa en TT penetrante, por agresión y del TT por arma blanca desde grupo etario Adolescente hasta Adulto Mayor. En Adulto Joven predominó tratamiento invasivo: cirugía 541 (21,2%) y en Adulto Maduro el TT con lesiones asociadas 215 (35,8%), p < 0,05. Según grupo etario, se observaron diferencias significativas en TRISS y en mortalidad. La mortalidad fue 1,6%; 2,5%; 3,3%; 5,0%, según grupo etario respectivamente (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las características clínicas, IGT y mortalidad del TT al comparar distintos grupos etarios. La edad es uno de los factores que determina el pronóstico de pacientes hospitalizados por TT.
Background: Trauma is the leading death cause among adolescents and the fifth in the elderly. Thoracic trauma (TT) has particular characteristics in different age-groups. Aim: To analyze clinical characteristics, trauma severity indices (TSI) and mortality in patients hospitalized for TT among different age-groups. Materials and Method: Descriptive study of patients hospitalized for TT between January-1981 and December-2018. Prospective TT surgical operation notes and data base were reviewed. Age-groups were determined according to the World Health Organization (Adolescent: 10-19 years; Young Adult: 20-44 years; Mature Adult: 45-59 years; Elderly > 60 years). TT classification, mechanism, agent, treatment, TSI, Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) and mortality were compared among age-groups. SPSS25® with chi-square test and ANOVA were used, considering p < 0.05 significant. Results: Total 4.297 TT. Adolescent age-group: 608 (14.1%); Young Adult: 2,544 (59.2%); Mature Adult: 601 (14.0%); Elderly: 544 (12.7%). Was observed a progressive and significant decrease of penetrating TT, aggression-caused and bladed weapon-caused TT from Adolescent to Elderly. In Young Adult the invasive treatment predominant: surgery 541 (21.2%), whereas in Mature Adult TT with associated injuries 215 (35.8%), p < 0.05. Differences in TRISS and mortality 1.6%; 2.5%; 3.4%; 5.0% (p < 0.05) were observed among age-groups, respectively. Conclusions: There are statistical significant differences in clinical characteristics, TSI and mortality when comparing TT by age group. Age is an important factor determining the outcome in TT hospitalized patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Thoracic Injuries/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Wounds, Penetrating/complications , Wounds, Penetrating/epidemiology , Chile , Age Distribution , Hospital CareABSTRACT
Introducción: El trauma torácico se encuentra entre las primeras causas de muerte, fundamentalmente en personas jóvenes. Objetivos: Caracterizar a una población operada por traumatismos torácicos según variables clinicoepidemiológicas y describir los hallazgos tomográficos posquirúrgicos. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional y descriptivo de 48 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Radiología del Provincial Clínico-Quirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2016 a diciembre del 2018, a los cuales se les realizó tomografía computarizada multidetector. Resultados: Los traumas torácicos predominaron en personas jóvenes del sexo masculino, asociadas fundamentalmente a acciones violentas que provocaron traumas abiertos. La contusión pulmonar resultó ser el hallazgo tomográfico inicial más frecuente, en tanto, el neumotórax persistente y el hemotórax coagulado constituyeron los hallazgos tomográficos más influyentes en la decisión de una reintervención quirúrgica. Conclusiones: La tomografía es un medio diagnóstico que permite una descripción detallada del estado posoperatorio de los órganos afectados, con un alto valor orientativo para decidir procedimientos quirúrgicos posteriores.
Introduction: The thoracic trauma is among the first causes of death, fundamentally in young people. Objectives: To characterize a population operated due to thoracic trauma according to clinical epidemiological variables and describe the postsurgical tomographic findings. Methods: An observational and descriptive study of 48 patients assisted in the Radiology Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2016 to December, 2018, to whom a multidetector computed tomography was carried out. Results: The thoracic traumas prevailed in young male people, fundamentally associated with violent actions that caused open traumas. The lung contusion was the most frequent initial tomographic finding, as long as, the persistent pneumothorax and the coagulated hemothorax constituted the most influential tomographic findings in the decision of a surgical reintervention. Conclusions: Tomography is a diagnostic means that allows a detailed description of the postoperative state in the affected organs, with a high orientative value to decide later surgical procedures.
Subject(s)
Thoracic Injuries/surgery , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Pneumothorax/surgery , Thoracic Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Hemothorax/surgeryABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Los traumatismos constituyen la quinta causa de muerte en el adulto mayor (60 años o más), siendo los traumatismos contusos los más frecuentes. Objetivo: Describir características, índices de gravedad de traumatismo (IGT), morbilidad y mortalidad en adultos mayores (AM) hospitalizados con traumatismo torácico (TT). Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Período desde enero de 1981 a diciembre de 2017. Revisión de base de datos, protocolos quirúrgicos y fichas clínicas. Descripción de características de TT en AM hospitalizados. Se calculó IGT: Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS-T), Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS). Resultados: Total 4.163 TT, AM 513 (12,3%). Hombres: 350 (68,2%), edad promedio 71,2 ± 8,4 años, mediana 70 (rango: 60-103), TT aislado 350 (68,2%), asociado a lesiones extratorácicas 163 (31,8%) y de estos 96 (18,7%) se consideraron politraumatismos. Traumatismo contuso 456 (88,9%) y penetrante 57 (11,1%). La causa más frecuente fueron las caídas en 252 (49,1%). Lesiones y/o hallazgos torácicos más frecuentes: fracturas costales 409 (79,7%), hemotórax 186 (36,3%) y neumotórax 185 (36,1%). Tratamiento definitivo: médico 287 (55,9%), pleurotomía 193 (37,6%) y cirugía 40 (7,8%). Cirugía extratorácica 33 (6,4%). Hospitalización promedio 9,0 ± 8,8 días. Según IGT: ISS promedio 12,1 ± 9,6, RTS-T promedio 11,6 ± 1,3, TRISS promedio 8,1. Morbilidad 76 (14,8%) y mortalidad 26 (5,1%). Discusión: La mayoría de los TT en AM son contusos, causados por accidentes domésticos. Las lesiones y hallazgos más frecuentes fueron fracturas costales y hemotórax. La mortalidad fue menor a la esperada según IGT.
Introduction: Trauma is the fifth leading cause of death in the elderly (60 or older), with blunt trauma being the most frequent. Objective: To describe characteristics, Trauma Severity Indices (TSI) and morbidity and mortality in hospitalized elderly for Thoracic Trauma (TT). Materials and Method: Crosssectional descriptive study was carried out. Term: from January 1981 to December 2017. Database review, surgical protocols and medical records were performed. TT description of characteristics was conducted in hospitalized elderly. TSI was calculated: Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS-T), Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS). Results: Total 4.163 TT, 513 elderly (12.3%). Men: 350 (68.2%), average age 71.2 ± 8.4 years, 70 median (range 60-103). Isolated TT: 350 (68.2%), 163 associated with extrathoracic trauma (31.8%) and of these 96 (18.7%) were considered polytraumatism. Blunt trauma 456 (88.9%) and penetrating 57 (11.1%). Most frequent domestic accident mechanism was 196 (38.2%) and 158 traffic accidents (30.8%). Frequently thoracic injuries or findings: 409 rib fractures (79.7%), 186 hemothorax (36.3%), and 185 pneumothorax (36.1%). Final treatment: 287 Medical treatment (55.9%), 193 pleurotomy (37.6%), and 40 thoracic surgery (7.8%). Extrathoracic surgery 33 (6.4%). Average hospitalization: 9.0 ± 8.8 days. According IGT: ISS 12.1 ± 9.6, RTS-T 11.6 ± 1.3, TRISS 8.1. Morbidity: 76 (14.8%) and mortality: 26 (5.1%). Discussion: Most TT in elderly are blunt, caused by domestic accidents. Injuries and most frequent findings were rib fractures and hemothorax. Mortality was lower than expected according to TSI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Thoracic Injuries/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/mortality , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/physiopathology , Wounds, Penetrating/complications , Accidents, Traffic , Trauma Severity Indices , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción Las cárceles constituyen un foco de violencia inherente y un ambiente propicio de lesiones traumáticas. Objetivo Describir el perfil de ingreso y evolución de personas privadas de libertad hospitalizadas en nivel terciario por trauma acontecido en 2 complejos penitenciarios, que ingresan a nuestro Servicio. Materiales y Método Estudio descriptivo, incluyó la revisión de fichas clínicas en nuestro hospital (HUAP), durante el periodo entre agosto de 2009 y diciembre de 2016. Resultados 88 consultas de personas privadas de libertad, donde se obtuvieron 46 consultas por lesiones traumáticas. Se observó una distribución simétrica para las variables edad, presión arterial media, frecuencia cardíaca, hematocrito, hemoglobina y recuento de leucocitos. El sitio del trauma más frecuente fue el tórax y el abdomen (incluyendo cara anterior y posterior completa), cada uno con 18 pacientes (39,13% cada uno). El diagnóstico de ingreso más frecuente fue neumotórax en doce sujetos. Los principales tratamientos efectuados fueron 16 laparotomías exploradoras (34,78; IC 95%: 22,68 a 49,23) y 12 pleurostomías (26,09; IC 95%: 15,60 a 40,26). La duración de la hospitalización distribuyó en forma asimétrica, con mediana de 3 días. Tuvimos 6 reingresos (13,04%) en los primeros 30 días posteriores al alta y una mortalidad. Conclusiones Los hechos de violencia en estos 2 centros penitenciarios en Santiago, son un diagnóstico que se presenta en la urgencia de nuestro hospital, con lesiones de distinta gravedad y tratamiento. Resulta necesario adelantarse a estos escenarios, donde ahora sabemos que gran parte de ellos necesitará algún procedimiento o intervención.
Background Prisons are a source of inherent violence and an environment conducive to traumatic injuries. Aim The objective of this paper is to describe the income and evolution profile of hospitalized people deprived of liberty at the tertiary level due to trauma that occurred in two prison detention centers in Santiago, that enters our service. Materials and Method Descriptive study, included the review of clinical records in our hospital, during the period between August 2009 and December 2016. Results 88 consultations of people deprived of liberty, where 46 consultations for traumatic injuries were obtained. A symmetric distribution was observed for the variables age, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin and leukocyte count. The most frequent trauma site was the thorax and abdomen (including front face and full back), each with 18 patients (39.13% each). The most frequent diagnosis of admission was pneumothorax in twelve subjects. The main treatments were 16 exploratory laparotomies (34.78, 95% CI: 22.68 to 49.23) and 12 pleurostomies (26.09, 95% CI: 15.60 to 40.26). The duration of hospitalization distributed asymmetrically, with a median of 3 days. We had 6 readmissions (13.04%) in the first 30 days after discharge and one mortality. Conclusions The violence in this two prison detention centers, in Santiago, is a diagnosis that appears in the urgency of our hospital, with lesions of different severity and treatment. It is necessary to anticipate these scenarios, where we now know that a large part of them will need some procedure or intervention.
Subject(s)
Humans , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Prisons , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Abdominal Injuries/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivos Describir las características, índices de gravedad de traumatismo (IGT), morbilidad, mortalidad y factores asociados a mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por traumatismo torácico por arma blanca (TTAB). Materiales y Método Estudio analítico transversal. Período enero de 1981 a diciembre de 2017. Revisión base de datos prospectiva, protocolos quirúrgicos, fichas clínicas. Se describe y compara las características de los TTAB. Se calculó IGT: Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score ( RTS-T) y Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS). Resultados Total 4.163 pacientes hospitalizados por TT, 2.286 hospitalizados por TTAB. Hombres: 2.131 (93,2%), edad promedio 27,8 ± 10,7 años, TTAB aislado 2.035 (89,0%), asociado a lesiones extratorácicas 251 (11,0%) y de éstos 124 (5,5%) se consideraron politraumatismos. Mecanismos principales del traumatismo: agresión 2.246 (98,3%) y autoagresión 22 (1,0%). Lesiones y hallazgos torácicos más frecuentes: neumotórax 1.473 (64,4%), hemotórax 1.408 (61,6%), enfisema subcutáneo 485 (21,2%). Tratamiento definitivo: pleurotomía 1.378 (60,3%), cirugía torácica 537 (23,5%) y tratamiento médico 370 (16,2%). Hospitalización promedio 6,2 ± 6,5 días, IGT: ISS promedio 10,9 ± 7,2, RTS-T promedio 11,6 ± 1,4 y TRISS promedio 3,6. Morbilidad: 318 (13,9%). Mortalidad: 32 (1,4%). Conclusión Los TTAB ocurren frecuentemente en hombres jóvenes por agresión. La mayoría se puede tratar con pleurotomía exclusiva.
Aim Our objectives are to describe and correlate the clinical characteristics, trauma severity indexes (TSI) and morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for thoracic trauma by a bladed weapon (TTBW). Materials and Method Transversal analytic study. Period January-1981 to December-2017. Prospective database review, surgical protocols, clinical files. The characteristics of the TTBW are described and compared. Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS-T) and Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) were calculated. Results Total of 4,163 patients hospitalized for TT, 2,286 hospitalized for TTBW. Men: 2,131 (93.2%), average age 27.8 ± 10.7 years, isolated TTBW 2,035 (89.0%), associated with extra thoracic injuries 251 (11.0%) and of these 124 (5.5%) were considered polytrauma. Main mechanisms of trauma: Aggression 2,246 (98.3%) and self-aggression 22 (1.0%). Most frequent injuries and thoracic findings: pneumothorax 1,473 (64.4%), hemothorax 1,408 (61.6%), subcutaneous emphysema 485 (21.2%). Definitive treatment: Pleurotomy 1,378 (60.3%), thoracic surgery 537 (23.5%) and medical treatment 370 (16.2%). Average hospital stay: 6.2 ± 6.5 days. ISS average 10.9 ± 7.2, RTS-T average 11.6 ± 1.4 and TRISS average 3.6. Morbidity: 318 (13.9%). Mortality: 32 (1.4%). Discussion TTBW are frequent in our environment, unlike on an international level. Conclusions TTBW frequently occur in young male patients due to aggression. The majority can be treated with exclusive pleurotomy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Thoracic Injuries/mortality , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds, Stab/mortality , Wounds, Stab/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/surgery , Thoracic Injuries/complications , Wounds, Stab/surgery , Wounds, Stab/etiology , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El traumatismo torácico (TT) es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad, presente en el 25-50% de la mortalidad por traumatismo. El TT contuso (TTC) es el tipo más frecuente de TT según las diferentes publicaciones internacionales. OBJETIVO: Nuestros objetivos son describir las características, tratamientos, morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por TTC en nuestra institución. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal desde enero-1981 a diciembre-2017. Revisión de una base de datos prospectiva, protocolos quirúrgicos y fichas clínicas. Se describen y comparan las características de los TTC. Se calcularon índices de gravedad de traumatismo (IGT): Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS-T), Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS). RESULTADOS: Total 4.163 pacientes hospitalizados por TT, 1.719 (41,3%) TTC. Hombres 1.327 (77,2%), edad promedio 46,7±18,8 años. Se consideró TT aislado 966 (56,2%), asociado a lesiones extratorácicas 753 (43,8%) y de estos 508 (29,6%) eran politraumatizados. Mecanismo: Accidente de tránsito 838 (48,7%), caída de altura 279 (16,2%). Lesiones y hallazgos torácicos: fractura costal 1.294 (75,3%), neumotórax 752 (43,1%). Tratamiento: médico 874 (50,8%), pleurotomía 704 (41%) y cirugía torácica 141 (8,2%). Período de hospitalización 9,2 ± 9,5 días. Según IGT: ISS promedio 14,1 ± 11,1, RTS-Tpromedio 11,5 ± 1,5, TRISS promedio 6,6. Morbilidad en 297 (17,3%), mortalidad en 68 (4%). DISCUSIÓN: La causa principal de los TTC fue el accidente de tránsito. La fractura costal correspondió a la lesión torácica más frecuente. La mayoría requirió solo tratamiento médico. La mortalidad fue menor a la esperada según IGT.
BACKGROUND: Thoracic trauma (TT) is a major cause of morbimortality, involved in 25-50% of trauma deaths. Internationally, blunt thoracic trauma (BTT) is the most frequent type of TT. OBJECTIVE: Our objectives are to describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized by blunt thoracic trauma (BTT) in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study from january-1981 to december-2017. Prospective database review, surgical protocols and clinical files. The characteristics of the BTT are described and compared. The following trauma severity indices (TSI) were calculated: Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS-T) and Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS). RESULTS: 4,163 patients were hospitalized because of TT, 1.719 (41.3%) of them with BTT. 1,327 (77.2%)patients were men, average age 46.7 ± 18.8 years-old. We considered isolated TT 966 (56.2%), associated with extrathoracic lesions 753 (43,8%) and 508 (29.6%)with polytraumatism. Mechanism: Traffic accident 838 (48.7%), fall down from a height 279 (16.2%). Lesions and intrathoracic findings: rib fracture 1.294 (75.3%), pneumothorax 752 (43.7%). Treatment: Medical 876 (50.8%), pleurotomy 704 (41%) and thoracic surgery 141 (8.2%). Average hospitalized period 9.2 ± 9.5 days. According to TSI: ISS average 14.1 ± 11.1, RTS-T average 11.5 ± 1.5, TRISS average 6.6. Morbidity in 297 (17.3%), mortality in 68 (4%). DISCUSSION: The TTC was mainly attributed to the traffic accident. Rib fracture was the most common chest injury. The majority of patients required only medical treatment. Mortality was lower than expected according to TSI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/mortality , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/etiology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality , Accidents/statistics & numerical data , Trauma Severity Indices , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Contusions , HospitalizationABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico do trauma torácico na região da Foz do Rio Itajaí, no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Métodos: estudo observacional, descritivo e prospectivo, realizado através de coleta de dados a partir de formulário pré-elaborado pelos pesquisadores e preenchido pela equipe responsável pelo atendimento em hospital de referência, entre junho de 2017 e maio de 2018. Resultados: foram analisados 119 formulários de pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico, dos quais 70,5% eram homens e 29,4% mulheres, com média de idade de 39,8 anos. Os atendimentos ocorreram geralmente no período diurno (67,9%), 30,2% dos pacientes chegaram ao serviço através de meios próprios e 52,9% após uma hora do trauma. Quanto aos exames admissionais, a maior parte das vítimas foi submetida exclusivamente à radiografia de tórax (67,2%). Houve prevalência de trauma torácico fechado (89%), tendo como principal mecanismo os acidentes com motocicleta (35,2%) e a lesão predominante foi a fratura de costela (42%). A maioria dos pacientes (53,8%) foi submetida a tratamento conservador. O tempo médio de internação foi de 2,6 dias e a taxa de óbito de 5%. Conclusão: o perfil dos pacientes com trauma torácico em Itajaí é de homens jovens, atendidos durante o dia, a maioria com fratura de costela, acometidos por trauma torácico fechado em decorrência de acidente de trânsito envolvendo motocicleta. A radiografia de tórax foi utilizada para a confirmação de grande parte dos diagnósticos e houve prevalência de tratamento conservador. O tempo de internação e taxa de óbito foram menores do que na literatura, o que pode ser explicado pelo alto índice de lesão muscular exclusiva.
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of thoracic trauma in the region of Foz do Rio Itajai, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: observational, descriptive and prospective study performed through the collection of data starting with a form elaborated by researchers and filled in by the team in charge of a reference hospital between June 2017 and May 2018. Results: one hundred and nineteen forms from victims of thoracic trauma were analyzed, constituted of 70.5% male patients and 29.4% female patients, with an average of 39.8 years of age. Medical care happened mainly in daytime (67.9%), 30.2% of patients arriving by their own means, and 52.9% of patients one hour after suffering trauma. As to admission exams, most victims only went through chest X-ray (67.2%). There was a prevalence of closed thoracic trauma (89%), whose main cause was motorcycle accidents (35.2%) and the predominant lesion was rib fracture (42%). Most patients (53.8%) went through a conservative treatment. The average admission time was 2.6 days and the death rate was 5%. Conclusion: the profile of patients with thoracic trauma in Itajai comprises young men, admitted during the day, most of them presenting rib fracture, with closed thoracic trauma due to a road traffic accident involving a motorcycle. Chest X-ray were used to confirm most of the diagnoses, and there was a prevalence for conservative treatment. The admission time and the death rate were smaller than those cited in medical literature, which can be explained by the high index of exclusive muscular lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Background: Trauma is the leading cause of death in young patients and thoracic trauma (TT) is responsible for 25-35% of trauma deaths. Aim: To describe and compare features, trauma severity indexes and morbidity of patients admitted for TT in the past three decades. Material and Methods: Review of a TT database, operative notes and medical records of patients. These were separated by decade of admission (1981-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2010). TT characteristics were compared. Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS-T) and Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) were calculated. Results: A total of 3,068 TT were reviewed. In the 1981-1990 period, 604 cases of TT were registered (19.7%), in the 1991-2000 period, 1,070 cases (34.9%) and in the 2001-2010 period, 1,394 cases (45.4%) (p < 0.05). The ages of patients in each of these periods were 34.9 ± 15.5, 33.9 ± 16.2 and 35.7 ± 18.2 years respectively (p < 0.05). The proportion of patients aged 65 years or more were 6.6, 7.7 and 10.1% respectively, the proportion of females was 6.1, 9.4 and 12.0%, respectively. The causing agents per decade were knife wounds in 51.5, 61.1 and 60.0% of cases respectively, firearms in 2.5, 3.3 and 5.0% of cases respectively, multiple trauma in 13.9, 14.5 and 9.0% respectively and morbidity in 18.7, 19.7 and 11.7%, respectively. The ISS per decade was 11.9 ± 6.5, 12.9 ± 6.9 and 10.4 ± 6.8 respectively. No significant difference were found in mortality (1.5, 3.0, 2.0% respectively) or TRISS score (2.7, 3.2 and 3.8% respectively). Conclusions: An increase in the number of hospital admission for TT has occurred in the last three decades, with an increase in the proportion of admissions of subjects aged 65 years or more, females and with firearm injuries.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Thoracic Injuries/classification , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Trauma Severity Indices , ChileABSTRACT
Objectives: Penetrating chest trauma (PCT) is a life threatening condition that challenges emergency surgeons daily. The aim of this study is to make an epidemiological characterization of these patients, and secondarily analyze their treatment and outcome. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a series of consecutive patients experiencing PCT who presented at our hospital, was performed from 1st May 2009 to 30th April 2013. Results: Of 274 consecutive patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with PCT, 257 (94 percent) were male and 17 (6 percent) were female. The median age was 26 (range 15-66) years. Stab wounds (SW) accounted for 185 (68 percent) of the injuries, and 80 (29 percent) suffered from gunshot wounds (GSW). As first treatment, chest tube drainage was performed in 229 (84 percent) patients, emergent thoracotomy in 21 (8 percent) and observation, in 13 (5 percent). 26 (9 percent) patients died: 21 (81 percent) from GSW and 4 (15 percent) with SW P<0.0001; 20 (77 percent) had heart or thoracic great vessels involvement. Thoracic complications occurred in 30 (12 percent) patients. There was no mortality associated with thoracic complications. The median hospital stay was 4 days. Conclusions: PCT is frequent in our hospital compared with historical series. The majority of the patients who died had cardiac or thoracic great vessels involvement due to GSW. Therefore, healthcare improvements are needed to reduce mortality in this group of patients.
Objetivos: Los traumatismos torácicos penetrantes (TTP) son graves y desafían diariamente a los cirujanos de urgencia. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una caracterización epidemiológica de los pacientes con TTP, y como objetivo secundario analizar el tratamiento efectuado y su evolución. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Padre Hurtado de Santiago que presentaron un TTP desde el 1 de mayo de 2009 hasta el 30 de abril de 2013. Resultados: 274 pacientes que se consultaron al servicio de urgencia con un TTP, 257 (94 por ciento) eran hombres y 17 (6 por ciento) eran mujeres. La mediana de edad fue 26 (15-66) años. Lesiones por arma blanca 185 (68 por ciento), y 80 (29 por ciento) fueron por arma de fuego. Como primer tratamiento la pleurostomía fue realizada en 229 (84 por ciento) pacientes. La toracotomía de emergencia fue realizada en 21 (8 por ciento) pacientes. No se realizó tratamiento y solo observación en 13 (5 por ciento) de los casos. 26 (9 por ciento) de los pacientes murieron, 21 (81 por ciento) fueron consecuencia de lesiones por arma de fuego y 4 (15 por ciento) por arma blanca P<0,0001, 20 (77 por ciento) tenían lesiones cardíacas o de grandes vasos torácicos. 30 (12 por ciento) pacientes presentaron complicaciones torácicas. No hubo mortalidad asociada a complicaciones torácicas. La mediana de días de hospitalización fue 4. Conclusiones: El TTP es frecuente en nuestro hospital comparado con series históricas. La mayoría de los pacientes fallecidos presentaban TTP por arma de fuego con lesiones cardíacas o de grandes vasos torácicos. Se precisan mejoras asistenciales en este grupo para disminuir su mortalidad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Wounds, Penetrating/epidemiology , Wounds, Penetrating/therapy , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Cause of DeathABSTRACT
Thoracic trauma is a common cause of significant morbidity and mortality. This study presents a series of thoracic trauma with the aim to assess epidemiologic features, distribution of pathologies, additional systemic injuries, diagnosis, management and outcome. Between January 2007 and December 2011, all patients with thorax trauma admitted to the emergency service of our hospital were retrospectively reviewed with respect to age, gender, etiological factors, distribution of pathologies, additional systemic injuries, diagnosis, treatment modalities, referral and outcome. A total of 1139 patients with thorax trauma were included in the study. Of these, 698 [61.3%] were male and 441 [38.7%] were female, and the average age was 54.17 +/- 17.39 years. 1090 [95.7%] of the patients had blunt trauma, whereas 49 [4.3%] had penetrating trauma. Etiological factors were falls in 792 [69.5%], motor vehicle accidents in 259 [22.8%], animal related accidents in 39 [3.4%] and penetrating injuries in 49 [4.2%] patients. It was found that 229 [20%] patients had single, 101 [8.9%] had double, 5 [3%] had three or more, 10 [0.9%] had bilateral rib fractures and 19 [1.7%] had sternal fracture. Pneumothorax was diagnosed in 58 [5.1%] patients, whereas hemothorax, hemopneuomothorax and other system injuries were diagnosed in 36 [3.2%], 38[3.3%] and 292 [25.6%] respectively. In our series, thirteen patients [mortality rate 1.1%] died as result of hemorrhagic shock [n=8], respiratory distress [n=3] and severe multiple trauma [n=2]. Although majority of the patients with thorax trauma receive treatment as outpatients; thoracic traumas may be a life threatening condition, and should be identified and treated immediately. Mortality varies based on etiological factors, additional systemic pathologies, capabilities of the hospital especially diagnostic and treatment facilities in emergency services. We believe that a multidisciplinary approach to the patients with severe thorax trauma, and the opportunities of emergency bedside thoracotomy in emergency services will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Emergency Service, Hospital , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/pathology , Thoracic Injuries/diagnosis , Rib Fractures , Pneumothorax , Hemothorax , Hemopneumothorax , Retrospective Studies , Disease ManagementABSTRACT
El trauma constituye uno de los problemas más grandes de la sociedad moderna y especialmente el torácico ocupa un lugar importante con respecto a la mortalidad. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el trauma torácico, la incidencia, evaluación y pronóstico de las lesiones, con el propósito de actualizar los conocimientos sobre su tratamiento en las instituciones sanitarias y promover medidas que disminuyan la incidencia de estos en los centros laborales(AU)
Trauma is one of the biggest problems in modern society and the thoracic trauma occupies an important place as regards mortality. A bibliographical revision about thoracic trauma, its update, incidence, evaluation and prognosis of the injuries was made in order to update the knowledge about its treatment at the health institutions and to improve measures that reduce its incidence at the working centers(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Health , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/prevention & control , Prognosis , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The presence of scapular fracture is believed to be associated with high rates of other injuries and accompanying morbidities. The aim was to study injury patterns and their overall outcomes in patients with scapula fractures. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study of trauma patients treated at six general hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: One-year trauma records were obtained from six general hospitals Among these, forty-one had sustained a scapular fracture and were included in this study. RESULTS: Scapular fracture occurred predominantly among 20 to 50-year-old patients (78 percent). Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the main cause of injury (73.2 percent; 30/41). Pedestrians accounted for 46.7 percent (14/30) of the injuries due to RTAs. Falls were the next most common cause, accounting for seven cases (17.1 percent). Body fractures were the most common type of scapular fractures (80 percent). Eighteen patients (43.9 percent) had isolated scapular fractures. Limb fracture was the most common associated injury, detected in 18 cases (43.9 percent). Three patients (7.3 percent) had severe injuries (injury severity score, ISS > 16) which resulted in one death (2.4 percent). The majority of the patients were treated conservatively (87.8 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with scapula fractures have more severe underlying chest injuries and clavicle fractures. However, this did not correlate with higher rates of injury severity score, intensive care unit admission or mortality.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Acredita-se que a presença de fraturas escapulares esteja associada a alta freqüência de outras lesões e morbidades relacionadas. O objetivo foi avaliar o padrão de lesões e os desfechos gerais em pacientes com fraturas escapulares. DESENHO E LOCAL: Trabalho transversal com pacientes apresentando trauma, tratados em seis hospitais gerais em Teerã. MÉTODOS: Registros de trauma foram obtidos em seis hospitais gerais no período de um ano. Entre estes pacientes, 41 sofreram fratura escapular e foram incluídos no estudo. RESULTADOS: A faixa etária predominante para fratura escapular foi 20-50 anos, sendo 78 por cento. Acidentes automobilísticos (AAs) foram a maior causa de lesão, em 73,2 por cento (30/41). Observou-se também que os acidentes com pedestres correspondiam a 46,7 por cento (14/30) das lesões devidas a AAs. Quedas foram a segunda causa mais freqüente, com sete casos (17,1 por cento). Fraturas do corpo estavam o tipo mais freqüente das fraturas escapulares (80 por cento). Dezoito pacientes (43,9 por cento) apresentaram apenas fratura escapular. Fraturas de extremidades foram as lesões mais comumente associadas, observadas em 18 (43,9 por cento). Três pacientes (7,3 por cento) tiveram lesões graves (escala de gravidade das lesões > 16), o que resultou em um caso (2,4 por cento) de óbito. A maioria dos pacientes foi tratada de forma conservadora (87,8 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com fraturas escapulares tiveram lesões torácicas e fraturas de clavícula basicamente mais graves. Porém, não houve correlação com maiores índices da escala de gravidade das lesões, admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva ou mortalidade.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Fractures, Bone/mortality , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Scapula/injuries , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Clavicle/injuries , Craniocerebral Trauma/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Injury Severity Score , Iran/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Las lesiones torácicas que amenazan la vida se producen por el daño a las estructuras vitales que se encuentran en su interior. Con el propósito de exponer el diagnóstico y las medidas terapéuticas en entidades como la obstrucción de vía aérea, el taponamiento cardiaco y el tórax inestable, apoyado en las mejores pruebas encontradas en la literatura mediante una búsqueda en el periodo de junio de 2005 a octubre de 2006 realizada con el localizador de información en salud en las bases de datos en línea EBSCO, LILACS, Cochrane Library y Medline, esta última con el gestor personal de base de datos EndNote 7, así como en revistas especializadas, libros de consulta y, con el motor de búsqueda de Google, se evaluaron los trabajos que permitieron realizar recomendaciones soportadas por el nivel de evidencia clasificadas por la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
The life threatening thoracic lesions are produced by the damage to the vital structures being inside them. Aimed at exposing the diagnosis and the therapeutical measures in entities such as the airways obstruction, cardiac tamponade and unstable thorax, supported by the best evidences found in literature through a search conducted from June 2005 to October 2006 with the health information localizer in the EBSCO, LILACS, Cochrane Library and Medline on-line databases (the latter was possible by using the EndNote 7 database personal manager), as well in specialized journals, consultation books, and with Google search engine, the papers that permitted to make recommendations supported by the level of evidence classified by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were evaluated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Thoracic Injuries/diagnosis , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/mortalityABSTRACT
Los traumatismos torácicos constituyen causa importante de mortalidad y morbilidad, son directamente responsables del 20 al 25 por ciento de las muertes por traumatismos y contribuyen en el fallecimiento de otro 25 por ciento, dentro de esta cifra se encuentran las lesiones torácicas letales que pueden causar la muerte en un número importante de pacientes en el escenario, por lo cual determinar el diagnóstico y las opciones de terapéutica resultan un elemento importante para reducir en lo posible sus secuelas y es el propósito de este trabajo. Durante el período comprendido entre octubre de 2005 y junio de 2006 se realizó la revisión con una estrategia de búsqueda encaminada a identificar los trabajos relevantes de interés que permitieran realizar una validación adecuada. Mediante el localizador de información en salud del portal de Infomed se accedió a las bases de datos LILACS, EBSCO, Cochrane Library y Medline; esta última con el empleo del gestor de base de datos EndNote 7; la información de Internet se localizó con el buscador de Google con su opción de búsqueda avanzada. Para clasificar los trabajos relevantes se utilizó el sistema de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Los niveles de evidencias aportados por los trabajos encontrados permitieron realizar recomendaciones tanto diagnósticas como terapéuticas de las lesiones letales del tórax después de traumatismo.
Thoracic traumatisms are an important cause of mortality and morbidity. They are directly responsible for 20 to 25 percent of the deaths caused by traumatisms and contribute to the death of other 25 percent. The thoracic lethal lesions that may cause the death of an important number of patients in the scenario are included within this figure. That's why, to determine the diagnosis and the therapeutical options it is a significant element to reduce their sequelae, and it was precisely 3 the objective of this paper. From October 2005 to June 2006, a review was made with a search strategy directed to identify the papers of interest that allowed to carry out an adequate validation. By the information localizer in the health portal of Infomed, LILACS, EBSCO, Cochrane Library and Medline databases were accessed. The latter was accessed by using the EndNote 7 database manager. The Internet information was localized by means of Google search engine with its option of advanced search. To classify the important papers the system of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was used. The evidence levels showed by the papers found allowed to make diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the lethal lesions of the thorax after traumatism.
Subject(s)
Humans , Thoracic Injuries/diagnosis , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/mortalityABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou analisar a incidência, o tipo, a etiologia e a localização anatômica das lesões musculoesqueléticas na Seleção Brasileira de Canoagem Velocidade Feminina na Temporada de 2006. METODOLOGIA: Participaram do estudo as oito atletas da seleção, com média de idade de 19,50 anos (± 3,78); massa corporal média de 58,67 kg (± 5,44) e estatura média de 162,00 cm (± 4,00). RESULTADOS: Após a análise dos dados, obteve-se o índice de 5,06 lesões por atleta a cada 1000 horas de atividade esportiva. Observou-se também que 87,50 por cento das atletas foram acometidas por lesões, com um total de 82,05 por cento de casos reincidentes. As lesões mais freqüentes foram: contratura muscular (48,72 por cento) e tendinite (23,08 por cento). O tronco (56,41 por cento), principalmente na região torácica e tóraco-lombar, e os MMSS (41,03 por cento), principalmente no ombro, foram as regiões mais acometidas. CONCLUSÃO: Por conseqüência do gesto esportivo, a etiologia das lesões foi de origem atraumática devido principalmente a sobrecarga das estruturas anatômicas. Acreditamos que com a caracterização das lesões nesta modalidade esportiva, a fisioterapia desportiva poderá realizar um trabalho preventivo focado nas lesões específicas encontradas, com o objetivo que diminuir sua incidência e reincidência.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the incidence, kind, etiology and anatomical site of musculoskeletal injuries of athletes of the Brazilian Women's Speed Canoeing Team for the 2006 season. METHODOLOGY: All eight athletes of the main team participated on the study. Their mean age was 19.50 years (± 3.78); mean body mass of 58.67 kg (± 5.44) and mean height of 162.00 cm (± 4.00). RESULTS: After the analysis of data, a rate of 5.06 injuries/ athlete/ 1000 hours of sports practice was found. We also found that 87.50 percent of the athletes experienced injuries, totaling 82.05 percent of recurrences. -The most common injuries seen were: muscle contraction (48.72 percent) and tendonitis (23.08 percent). The trunk (56.41 percent), particularly the thoracic and thoracolumbar region, and the UULL (41.03 percent), particularly the shoulder, were the areas that were shown to be most frequently affected. CONCLUSION: As a result of the sportive gesture, the etiology of injuries was non-traumatic especially due to overload of anatomical structures. We believe that with the characterization of injuries in this sport activity, it will be possible for sportive physical therapy to develop a preventive work focused to the specific injuries found with the purpose of reducing their incidence and recurrence rates.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Athletic Injuries , Shoulder/injuries , Physical Therapy Modalities , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Injuries/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/prevention & control , Athletic Injuries/prevention & control , Brazil , Medical History Taking , Prospective Studies , Thoracic Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
Introducción: las hernias diafragmáticas traumáticas comúnmente ocurren posteriores a trauma penetrante cerrado. Debido a las lesiones coexistentes y a la naturaleza silenciosa de las lesiones diafragmáticas, el diagnóstico fácilmente se omite. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas de pacientes consecutivos con hernias diafragmáticas traumáticas tratadas quirúrgicamente en nuestra institución. Material y métodos: cohorte prospectiva de pacientes tratados durante un periodo de seis años. Evaluamos edad, sexo, tipo de mecanismo del trauma, tipo de hernia, método diagnóstico, órganos herniados, lesiones asociadas, tiempo de evolución, morbilidad y mortalidad. Los resultados se describen como frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Se empleó χ2 y prueba exacta de Fisher para explorar asociación y riesgo. Resultados: se incluyeron 23 pacientes, 19 fueron hombres (82.6 %) y cuatro mujeres (17.4 %). En nueve pacientes (39.1 %) fueron diagnosticadas hernias diafragmáticas agudas y en 14, hernias crónicas (60.9 %). En 18 (78.3 %) el diagnóstico se hizo mediante radiografía de tórax y la mayoría correspondió a hernias crónicas. La historia médica de trauma toracoabdominal cerrado estuvo presente en 95.7 %, en la mayoría relacionado con accidentes vehiculares. Las principales lesiones asociadas fueron trauma encefálico, fracturas costales y contusión pulmonar. La morbilidad se observó en seis pacientes, todos con hernias crónicas. No hubo mortalidad. Conclusiones: la hernia diafragmática traumática es una entidad clínica poco frecuente y constituye un verdadero desafío debido a las dificultades para el rápido y correcto diagnóstico. En etapa crónica hay mayor riesgo para complicaciones tardías como estrangulamiento y necrosis de vísceras.
BACKGROUND: Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias commonly occur after blunt and penetrating trauma. Due to coexisting injuries and the silent nature of the diaphragmatic injuries, the diagnosis is easily missed. We undertook this study to describe the clinical characteristics of consecutive patients with traumatic diaphragmatic hernias treated surgically at our institution. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort of patients treated during a 6-year period. We assessed variables such as age, gender, type of mechanism of trauma, type of hernia, methods of diagnosis, herniated organs and associated lesions, time of evolution, morbidity and mortality. Results are described as frequencies, dispersion and central tendency measures. Chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests were used to explore association and risks. RESULTS: Twenty three patients were included, 19 men (82.6%) and 4 women (17.4%). Acute DTH were diagnosed in nine patients (39.1%) and 14 cases presented as chronic DTH (60.9%). In 18 cases (78.3%) the diagnosis was made by chest x-ray and most corresponded to chronic hernias. Medical history of blunt thoracoabominal trauma was present in 95.7% of the cases, most related to car accidents. The principal associated lesions were head injuries, rib fractures and lung contusion. morbidity was observed in six patients, all with chronic hernias. there was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: DTH is a rare clinical entity and constitutes a true challenge due to difficulties for a rapid and correct diagnosis. In the chronic stage there is an increased risk for late complications such as visceral strangulation and necrosis.